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 Technical bulletin |
Application notes |
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Technical bulletin N°1 : DPSK Ultra-high resolution spectrum measurement and complex spectrum measurementWith an ultra high resolution analyzer it is now possible to characterize accurately different modulation formats. In this application the output of a DPSK demodulator was measured... |
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Technical bulletin N°2 : Application example of an ultra high resolution optical spectrum analyzerThis is the spectrum example of a wdm system with 100GHz spacing and two 10Gb/s PRBS modulated channels and two non-modulated DFB lasers channels |
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Technical bulletin N°3 : AP2040A Ultra-high resolution spectrum analyzerThe new Apex Technologies optical spectrum analyzer, AP2040A, is the best solution to characterize your optical signals at a 100 times higher resolution than any other optical spectrum analyzer at a very competitive price! |
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Technical bulletin N°4 : +30dBm power measurementAP3016 hand-held power meter presentation. Safety guidelines when working with
high power signals and dBm (log) to mW (linear) conversion formula. |
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Technical bulletin N°5 : DFB relaxation oscillation measurement with an ultra high resolution optical spectrum analyzerThe AP2040A can be used to very accurately characterize DFB lasers. Thanks to its high dynamic range and high resolution, parameters such as relaxation oscillation can be measured... |
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Technical bulletin N°6 : DPSK modulation measurementsThe AP2440A is an optical complex spectrum analyzer; an optical spectrum analyzer
able to |
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Technical bulletin N°7 : Optical Complex Spectrum Analyzer, the right instrument for advanced modulation characterizationsWith the ever increasing channel bit rates, several new modulation formats were established all aimed to reduce performance degradation... It requires comprehensive test instruments to adequately measure overall system performance and is where the Complex Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OCSA) comes in... |
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Technical bulletin N°8 : 40Gb/s QPSK modulation measured with the AP2440A!Improvement in spectral efficiency of the WDM system is considered the economical way to enlarge the transmission capacity. Among several modulation formats, quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) is becoming an attractive candidate... |
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Technical bulletin N°9 : Polarization multiplexed signals measurement with the AP2440A series Optical Complex Spectrum AnalyzerPolarization
multiplexing (PolMux) is becoming an attractive solution for
doubling fiber data transfer capacity : Two independent signals are
simultaneously transmitted on two orthogonal polarization states. |
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Technical bulletin N°10 : Bit rate and symbol rate in M-ary modulation formatsThe symbol rate is the bit rate divided by the number of bits transmitted in each symbol. Symbol rate is measured in symbol-per-seconds or baud (Bd). The symbol rate is distinct from the bit rate because one symbol may carry more than one bit of information... |
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Complex spectral analysis principleThis method is based upon a spectral analysis of the optical field, and allows one to extract the amplitude and the phase of each frequency component (whereas classic spectrum analyzers measure the power spectral density, providing only the amplitude). Knowing the amplitude and the phase of each spectral component, the temporal variations of the amplitude and the phase can be calculated by the Fourier transform, providing the intensity and the chirp as a function of time... |
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Chromatic dispersion measurement using complex spectrum analyzer :By using the AP2440A optical complex spectrum analyzer it is now possible to characterize chromatic dispersion for ultra long distance transmission lines...
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Ultra high resolution optical spectrum analyzer principleWhile monochromator based optical spectrum analyzers can achieve a maximum resolution of 10pm, Apex Technologies optical spectrum analyzers are based on interferometric principle which is able to dramatically increase this resolution by a factor of 62, achieving a 0.16pm resolution, a +/-3pm absolute wavelength accuracy and a close-in dynamic range of 60dB @ 10pm. |
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Short pulse shape and chirp characterizationThe AP1040A complex spectrum analyzer has a maximum temporal resolution of 75fs, which makes it the prefect solution for short pulses characterization. Aside from the intensity variations, it also provides phase variation information... |
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Effects of chirp induction mechanism on spectral broadening in LiNbO3 modulators :The spectrum of a chirped optical NRZ data stream obtained by an external Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM) is analyzed. We demonstrate that it is possible to induce chirp without broadening the optical spectrum by employing a MZM with optical power unbalancing in the two waveguides, such as the one discussed in [4].... |
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Mach-zehnder modulator pattern dependencyAn analysis was made of the optical response of LiNbO3 Mach-Zehnder modulators as a function of time by varying the drive voltage, modelized after a description of their technological conception. After this the behavioral characteristics of these modulators in optical transmissions (optical response bandwidth, chirp parameter) became available. |
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